Recognizing the Success of Harley-Davidson Motorcycles free essay sample

This paper presents a financial overview of Harley-Davidson, the motorcycle manufacturer; included are many charts, graphs, and timelines to support the text. This paper presents a financial overview of Harley-Davidson, the motorcycle manufacturer. The author provides background of the company including a timeline and many supporting charts. Statistical data and financial breakdowns accompany the text. In Milwaukee, William Harley and Arthur Davidson started experiments to take the work out of bicycling. After being joined by the Arthur brothers, Walter and William, they came up with the idea of putting a motor and a bicycle together. Many changes were made to the engine design before its builders were satisfied. In 1903, they created the first Harley-Davidson motorcycle and produced three that year. In 1907, Harley produced 150 motorcycles.

MLA Style Made Easy

MLA Style Made Easy When your teacher assigns a paper topic, you not only have to worry about what youre going to write about, where youre going to find your sources, but you also have to look up how the paper should be formatted and what your citations should look like both in the text and in your works cited.As a student of writing its highly likely that you will be assigned to research and write a paper in MLA style. MLA style, or Modern Language Association style, is commonly used for English literature, foreign language, literary criticism, comparative literature, and cultural studies papers. Luckily, many find this paper style to be one of the simplest to learn and write in (especially when compared to footnote-heavy Chicago Manual of Style or rule-heavy American Psychological Association Style).Lets take a deeper dive into what MLA style is, why its used, specific formatting advice, and examples you can use to guide you when writing your MLA formatted research paper.What is MLA Style?MLA style, a s we mentioned earlier, is most commonly used for research papers in the humanities and liberal arts. The MLA style guide dictates how research papers should be formatted and how sources should be cited. The MLA Handbook contains information on everything you need to know about writing a research paper in this style and will be available to you in a library for your reference.Though the MLA Handbook has very thorough guidelines on how to write an MLA research paper, its still important to read the directions from your teacher or professor carefully on your specific assignment. The handbook may not necessarily have all of the exact answers you may need, so if you need help its best to ask for the assistance of a teacher or a librarian to cover all your bases.Why do we use it?Right now you may be thinking to yourself, Why do these papers need to be in such specific formats? The answer is simple: to provide uniformity to papers so that they are readable. If research papers are written in a uniform way with citations to match then the reader can focus less on what the paper structure looks like and then the ideas from the paper can get more easily translated. Style guides also provide such specific formatting for citations because its important that when a writer has a claim to make that she can back it up with evidence to prove it, and also to make sure that she isnt plagiarizing.Though it may be difficult to see the reasoning while youre carefully making sure that each citation has a period at the end of the title and that the name of the journal is italicized, conforming to the style is crucial so that you gain credibility with your reader.How should my paper look when I write according to MLA style guidelines?Unless your professor or teacher has specific guidelines otherwise, your MLA style paper should be double spaced with 12-point font. Most papers use a standard font, such as Times New Roman, but you can use any easily readable font as long as the italiciz ed characters are distinguishable from its regular characters. MLA also requires that you use only one space after the end of a sentence.In addition to double spaces and fonts, MLA has outlined that your paper should be set up to have 1-inch margins on all sides (top, bottom, left, and right) so that your words arent running off the page. These settings can all be adjusted in your Microsoft Word tools at any time during the writing process. You should also have a header with your last name and a running page number in the upper right hand corner of the page. Some teachers may not want you to put a page number on the first page, so be sure to ask if there arent specific instructions on this matter.On the left hand side of the paper, you should have your name, instructors name, course, and date above your centered title (see image below for example). Every word in your paper title should be capitalized except for articles that arent at the beginning of the title (such as a, an, and th e), coordinating conjunctions (such as and, but, and or) and infinitives (for example: How to Write). If you ever have a question on which words shouldnt be capitalized in your title there are tools to help you make any adjustments, such as CapitalizeMyTitle.com. Though this tool is handy and quick, be sure to know the rules enough to spot any errors that the tool may give out.Here is an example of a MLA heading.Once you have your papers margins and headers sorted out, there are a few things to remember when you begin writing the body of the text. First, to continue the readability throughout the paper, MLA dictates that the first line of each paragraph is indented a 1/2 inch from the left margin. All you need to do to accomplish this is just to press the tab button, which gives you a cleaner and more exact result than pressing the space bar several times. Another thing to remember when writing in MLA style is to italicize titles of works, which is why its important to pick a font t hat distinguishes italics from regular text.Quotations and paraphrases should be attributed to the author by last name within the text with a page number (or line number if youre dealing with poetry) at the end in parentheses. Direct quotations that are longer than four lines should be set off in a block quotation that is 1/2 inch from the left margin. Note that block quotations do not need quotation marks to distinguish them. If the block quote spans several paragraphs in your source document, then indent the first line an additional 1/4 inch.Direct quotes from the author that are shorter than four lines can simply be written in the paragraph and can be set off by quotation marks. If you are adding any words to the quotation for explanatory reasons, use brackets ([]) to offset your words from the sources. If you are eliminating extraneous words from the direct quotation, use ellipses to indicate that the words are missing. To do this, simply type three periods in a row (†¦) an d the word program will automatically put in the correct amount of space needed. See the images below for more information on how to handle quotations.This is a sample MLA in-text direct quote.This is a sample MLA block quote.Does MLA use endnotes or footnotes?Endnotes or footnotes are very common in other styles, such as Chicago, but are not typically seen in MLA because it is thought that they can clutter up a page or distract the reader. The MLA guidelines restrict the usage of footnotes when they are referring to other works that may be useful for the reader to learn more on the subject. Occasionally you will also see explanatory notes, which give more details about a subject that dont necessarily fit with the theme of the paper.Though these are allowed, MLA format discourages their overuse, so use sparingly if you must. If you decide to put in these endnotes or footnotes, indicate them with a superscript number that goes after the period.How should my works cited look according to MLA style guidelines?The works cited page is one of the most important pieces of your research paper, as it lists all of the research you have cited throughout the paragraphs and lays them out for the reader to verify your facts. The works cited page is also one of the most labor-intensive parts of a research paper, and its crucial to know what goes into it while youre researching so you dont have to retrace your steps later on.There have been some updates with the newest edition of the MLA Handbook to keep up with the modern era of research. Before the eighth edition, each kind of citation had a particular way of being written up, but now that has all changed. According to the MLA website: Previous editions of the MLA Handbook provided separate instructions for each format, and new formats required additional instructions. In this groundbreaking new edition of its best-selling handbook, the MLA recommends instead one universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any t ype of source.Luckily for us, this new edition means that theres been a lot of simplification in the citation process. Still, you need to ensure that you are gathering all of the right ingredients for your citation.To begin putting together your works cited, you will need to start with a separate page in your document. The page should have a centered title that says, , with no underlining, italics, or bold applied. Like the other pages in the paper, be sure to double space your works cited page.The individual citations should have a hanging indent, which means that the first line of the citation is flush with the margin and the subsequent lines are indented 1/2 inch. This makes the citation easier for the reader to comb through. When it comes to capitalization of titles within a citation, use title caps for every word in a title except for articles, prepositions, or conjunctions (unless of course its the first word of a title). If the title is for a short work, such as a newspaper a rticle or a poem then use quotation marks. If the title is for a longer work, such as a book, use italics.Here is an example:An MLA citation should be as follows: Author. Title. Title of container (this could be an anthology, book, magazine, journal, newspaper), Other contributors to the work, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location (this doesnt mean a literal location, but instead page numbers, URL, or DOI).Be sure that you are consulting your MLA Handbook for more specific instructions on citation guidelines, as this is just a loose example of what to expect.In previous versions of the MLA Handbook, the location was literally naming the city in which the book was published. Because many things are now published electronically, MLA has decided to drop that requirement in its eighth edition.When you are organizing your citations, they are to go in alphabetical order by authors last name. If your source has an unknown author, then the title comes first in the citation. Lastly, when citing an online source, a DOI (or a digital object identifier) is always preferred over a URL, if available.What else do I need to know about writing an MLA research paper?In addition to specific formatting issues, the MLA Handbook gives great advice on writing and grammar that are important for students to learn. Like any other kind of research paper, its crucial to check your spelling and to make sure that your facts are correct. Ensuring that your paper is adhering to MLA standards will give you credibility, and help you organize your research in a more efficient way.

Scarlet Letter1 essays

Scarlet Letter1 essays Hester and the Scarlet Letter: Unobtainable Simplicity The achievement of simplicity in life never occurs because things are not simple, but manifold, being viewed differently, and speaking more than one purpose. Nathaniel Hawthorne journeys to seventeenth century Boston and introduces Hester Prynne as he makes his awareness of this idea evident. Through The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne presents the complexity of lifes components whether they appear as simple as an embroidered letter or as intricate as a life changing circumstance. The focus on sin and the consequences and atonement that follow exemplify Hawthornes tragic moral vision. A moral vision dealing directly with human nature through Hawthorne's own creation of Hester Prynne provokes this idea, this problematic truth. A woman publicly acknowledged for what her society held as a grave sin stands before them. She begins her journey, a journey that will forever change the views of not only her fellow characters, but also those to whom Hawthorne tries to reach through his writin g. In this journey, meet a woman whos weakness became her strength, who was looked upon in ways as changing as the seasons. Hester Prynne and the scarlet letter, standing not only as character and prop, but also as universal defendants of the idea of multiple views, are tools for the exploration of this truth. Through just three different perspectives, Hester and her scarlet letter can sustain the ideology presented by Hawthorne and contribute to its acceptance. They do so as regarded by the townspeople, Hawthorne, and Hester herself. The citizens of Boston deem two manifest opinions of Hester and the letter: that notion from the opening scene, which differs greatly that by mid-novel. As Hester walks out into the marketplace for the satisfaction of the townspeople, they immediately evince their cold and unsparing attitude toward this woman. The letter A was to be worn as...

Biography of John C. Frémont, Soldier, Explorer

Biography of John C. Frà ©mont, Soldier, Explorer John C. Frà ©mont (January 21, 1813–July 13, 1890) held a controversial and unusual place in mid-19th century America. Called The Pathfinder, he was hailed as a great explorer of the West. While Frà ©mont did little original exploring as he mostly followed trails that had already been established, he did publish narratives and maps based on his expeditions. Many emigrants heading westward carried guidebooks based on Frà ©monts government-sponsored publications. Frà ©mont was the son-in-law of a prominent politician, Sen. Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, the nations most prominent advocate of  Manifest Destiny. In the mid-1800s,  Frà ©mont was famed as the living embodiment of westward expansion. His reputation suffered somewhat due to controversies during the Civil War, when he seemed to defy the Lincoln administration. But upon his death, he was fondly remembered for his accounts of the West. Fast Facts: John Charles Frà ©mont Known For: Senator from California; first Republican candidate for president; known for expeditions to open up the West to settlersAlso Known As: The PathfinderBorn: January 21, 1813 in Savannah, GeorgiaParents: Charles Frà ©mon, Anne Beverley WhitingDied: July 13, 1890  in New York,  New YorkEducation: Charleston CollegePublished Works:  Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, Memoirs of My Life and Times, Geographical Memoir upon Upper California, an  Illustration of His Map of Oregon and CaliforniaAwards and Honors:  Namesake for schools, libraries, roads, etc.Spouse: Jessie BentonChildren: Elizabeth Benton Lily Frà ©mont, Benton Frà ©mont, John Charles Frà ©mont Jr., Anne Beverly Fremont, Francis Preston Fremont Early Life John Charles Frà ©mont was born on January 21, 1813 in Savannah, Georgia. His parents were embroiled in scandal. His father, a French immigrant named Charles Fremon, had been hired to tutor the young wife of an elderly Revolutionary War veteran in Richmond, Virginia. The tutor and student began a relationship and ran away together. Leaving behind a scandal in Richmond’s social circles, the couple traveled along the southern frontier for a time before eventually settling in Charleston, South Carolina. Frà ©mont’s parents (Frà ©mont later added the â€Å"t† to his last name) never married. His father died when Frà ©mont was a child, and at the age of 13, Frà ©mont found work as a clerk for a lawyer. Impressed by the boy’s intelligence, the lawyer helped Frà ©mont get an education. The young Frà ©mont had an affinity for mathematics and astronomy, skills that would later be very useful for plotting his position in the wilderness. Early Career and Marriage Frà ©monts professional life began with a job teaching mathematics to cadets in the U.S. Navy, and then working on a government surveying expedition. While visiting Washington, D.C., he met the powerful Missouri Sen. Thomas H. Benton and his family. Frà ©mont fell in love with Benton’s daughter Jessie and eloped with her. Sen. Benton was at first outraged, but he came to accept and actively promote his son-in-law. The role that Bentons influence played in Frà ©monts career cannot be overstated. In the decades before the Civil War, Benton exerted great influence on Capitol Hill. He was obsessed with expanding the United States to the West. He was perceived as the nations greatest proponent of Manifest Destiny, and he was often considered as powerful as the senators in the Great Triumvirate: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun. First Expedition to the West With Sen. Benton’s help, Frà ©mont was given the assignment to lead an 1842 expedition to explore beyond the Mississippi River to the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. With the guide Kit Carson and a group of men recruited from a community of French trappers, Frà ©mont reached the mountains. Climbing a high peak, he placed an American flag on top. Frà ©mont returned to Washington and wrote a report of his expedition. While much of the document consisted of tables of geographical data that Frà ©mont had calculated based on astronomical readings, Frà ©mont also wrote a narrative of considerable literary quality (most likely with considerable help from his wife). The U.S. Senate published the report in March 1843, and it found a readership in the general public. Many Americans took special pride in Frà ©mont placing an American flag atop a high mountain in the West. Foreign powers- Spain to the south and Britain to the north- had their own claims on much of the West. And Frà ©mont, acting purely on his own impulse, had seemed to claim the distant West for the United States. Second Expedition to the West Frà ©mont led a second expedition to the West in 1843 and 1844. His assignment was to find a route across the Rocky Mountains to Oregon. After essentially accomplishing his assignment, Frà ©mont and his party were located in Oregon in January 1844. Rather than returning to Missouri, the expedition’s starting point, Frà ©mont led his men southward and then west, crossing the Sierra Nevada mountain range into California. The trip over the Sierras was extremely difficult and dangerous, and there has been speculation that Frà ©mont was operating under some secret orders to infiltrate California, which was then Spanish territory. After visiting Sutter’s Fort, the outpost of John Sutter, in early 1844, Frà ©mont traveled southward in California before heading eastward. He eventually arrived back in St. Louis in August 1844. He then traveled to Washington, D.C., where he wrote a report of his second expedition. The Importance of Frà ©monts Reports A book of his two expedition reports was published and became extremely popular. Many Americans who made the decision to move westward did so after reading Frà ©mont’s stirring reports of his travels in the great spaces of the West. Noted Americans, including Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, also read Frà ©mont’s reports and took inspiration from them. Sen. Benton, as a proponent of Manifest Destiny, promoted the reports. And Frà ©monts writings helped create great national interest in opening the West. Controversial Return to California In 1845 Frà ©mont, who had accepted a commission in the U.S. Army, returned to California and became active in rebelling against Spanish rule and starting the Bear Flag Republic in northern California. For disobeying orders in California, Frà ©mont was arrested and found guilty at a court-martial hearing. President James K. Polk overturned the proceedings, but Frà ©mont resigned from the Army. Later Career Frà ©mont led a troubled expedition in 1848 to find a route for a transcontinental railroad. Settling in California, which by then had become a state, he briefly served as one of its senators. He became active in the new Republican Party and was its first presidential candidate, in 1856. During the Civil War, Frà ©mont received a commission as a Union general and commanded the U.S. Army in the West for a time. His tenure in the Army came to an end early in the war when he issued an order freeing slaves in his territory. President Abraham Lincoln relieved him of command. Death Frà ©mont later served as territorial governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1883. He died at his home in New York City on July 13, 1890. The next day, a New York Times front-page headline proclaimed, The Old Pathfinder Dead. Legacy While Frà ©mont was often caught up in controversy, he did provide Americans in the 1840s with reliable accounts of what was to be found in the distant West. During much of his lifetime, he was considered by many to be a heroic figure, and he played a major role in opening the West to settlement. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2019.FRÉMONT, John Charles. Congress.gov.â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  American Battlefield Trust, 1 Nov. 2018.

Habits of Highly Effective People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Habits of Highly Effective People - Essay Example Covey’s ideas can be applied to this field because they are very simple and practical guidelines which can easily be applied when tuned to specific organisational work culture. Organisations have their staff which they manage to ensure their output is maximized; this is done by inculcating Covey’s concepts among the employees. This helps in their personal and professional development (Kerzner, 2001). The following are the three of his seven habits that can be applied to project management: Begin with the end in mind: this is the most important habit since it sets the overall goals that one wants to attain in any venture. When one sets out to start a project, the long term goal is set at the conceptualization stage. Setting a vision for any proposed project or business venture shows clarity of purpose and is always enshrined in company constitution. When a company sets out to introduce a product in the market, a thorough market analysis is conducted to check if it is indeed feasible. Customer feelings and needs form part of company vision as they are the ones that ensure its success by purchasing its products (Ross, 1995). Project management provides the timelines for executing tasks and ensure schedules are followed to the latter. A company notes the requirements it needs to start a project, it then notes the available resources at this concept and development stage. After this is done, then it will be easy to follow through the plan rather than skipping some vital yet ignored stages for instance, setting organizational goals. Put first things first: this entails breaking down the tasks and assigning each component execution time in the order of priority. The management has to sit down and decide which responsibilities require a quick implementation time frame; they then schedule their tasks based on this. This

Russia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Russia - Term Paper Example The negative effects of World War 1 were responsible for sparking Russian Revolution in 1917 since the government was experiencing a shortage in food reserves, ammunition, factories and low morale among the soldiers. Corrupt Czarist government and massive treason among the top military ranks created a crisis that paralyzed the normal national life. The peasants and workers in factories experienced poverty and denounced the war and killed the rich peasants in order to seize control of productive agricultural land (Wade 5). Russia was predominantly an agricultural economy and the clergy, nobility and royal families owned much of the agricultural land and controlled much of the agricultural production. The Czarist government did little to improve the economic system and a majority of the peasants in the villages suffered from diseases and extreme poverty. The economic system had created an imbalance in the social structure thus hindering education, public health and medical relief thus occasioning discontent among the masses that were addicted to vodka due to misery and poverty (Wade 6). Workers strikes were considered as the only option to the ruthless and repressive Czarist government in dealing with protesting workers and Russian soldiers fired at the protestors. Subsequently, the heavy losses suffered during the World War 1 undermine the strength and morale of Russian soldiers and many of them deserted their battle fronts to join the factory workers and peasants in the ongoing revolution (Wade 7). Other attributable causes of the Revolution include the increase in politicized urban workforce especially ironworks and factories that associated themselves with industrial society. Although Czarist government had tried to entrench socialist trade unions, such unions were remained neutral during workers protests. The expanding population in Russian cities caused social problems like poor housing, bad wages and disregard for employment rights. The censuring of books, newspapers and unwarranted police swoops on dissenting citizens created mass discontent among the middle class and ultimately led to the demand of freedom of expression (D’Agostino 27). Why Bolsheviks prevailed in Civil War and control of Russia By the end of February 1917, two organisations that include Provisional Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Provisional Committee of the Duma had emerged. The first one represented the social revolutionaries, factory workers, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The Czarist ministers were held under house arrest, and Czar Nicholas II abdicated on at the beginning of March. A provisional coalition government was entrenched and was soon recognized by the allied powers as the legitimate successor of Czarist government (D’Agostino 28). However, a civil war broke in June 1918 with the Whites including the liberals, monarchists and socialists rebelling against the Reds who included the Bolshevik regime. Bolshevik regime was worried that Whites would eventually free Czar and the royal family members thus ultimately leading to restoration of the previous monarchy. However, Czar and his immediate family members were shot dead in July 1918 thus demoralising the efforts of the Whites. Bolsheviks considered themselves as revolutionary working class that was determined at addressing the needs of the peasants and

CHARITY PUBLIC RELATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CHARITY PUBLIC RELATIONS - Essay Example Notably also, public relations is aimed at communicating to donors how resources have been spent and to attract further donations (Gregory, 2004). There is another outlook on public relations where persons tasked with this have to analyse trends, predict their consequences and counsel organizations on the best course of action along with how this will be implemented. This outlook provides credibility on the practice of public relations as it introduces a social science aspect where in the critics have dismissed public relations as being unsubstantial and flawed fundamentally (Butterick, 2011). Being difficult to define, public relations is a practice that is difficult to underpin its origins as well. One of the American pioneers of public relations, Ivy Lee, looked into policy management citing that good policy translates to good public relations. He went on to extend this definition by stating that public relations deals with everything entailed in expressing the policy or idea of an organization, incorporating the idea or policy expressed as well. For charitable organizations, their main concern is maintaining fruitful relationships between them and donors and this raises the issue of fund raising management. The policy or idea expressed by these organizations is philanthropic in nature that is not for the direct benefit of the organization rather for a societal issue such as public health. Philanthropy, in essence, is a relationship between donor and recipients where this relationship is mediated by cultivating an image of public good. Lee also looked into the ethics o f public relations at a time many were against the idea of press releases; he was of the opinion that organizations that sent out press releases to newspapers with the hope of influencing their content were not in the wrong so long as the sources of such releases could be identified. He felt that

How has the global political environment changed over 2010 Research Paper

How has the global political environment changed over 2010 - Research Paper Example The military rulers in Egypt planned to hold transparent democratic elections in a period of six months and thus reached, a series of desired constitutional amendments including the limiting the presidential term in the US style. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces resolved to enact free democratic system after the demise of Hosni Mubarak. In order to achieve this, the Supreme Council established a panel that would look after the constitutional changes and also resolved to hold free and fair parliamentary and presidential elections following the period of transition. The atmosphere of change originates in the conflict between the militants and protestors that played a fundamental role in ousting Hosni Mubarak. In February, 2011, Moussa was considered by the public as the best candidate to replace Hosni Mubarak after 30 years of his rule because of the immense fame and popularity of Moussa among the public. Army personnel and protestors in Egypt clashed with each other in the vici nity of the Tahrir Square few hours before the announcement of prosposed constitutional changes, Tahrir Square being the location of a successful revolt made by the protesters. Amr Moussa is among the first public figures in the Arab world that favored the Tunisian protestors and has served as a foreign minister in the past. â€Å"I intend to run in the next presidential election, and an [official] announcement will be made at the right time,† (Moussa cited in GlobalPost). The political scenario in Libya has been no less hilarious than Egypt and a series of public protests have also surfaced in Libya in the year 2010. There has been a conflict between the pro-regime and anti-regime forces in Libya each of which has strived to acquire control over Libya. â€Å"Libya’s political dynamics have been characterized by competition among interest groups seeking to influence policy within the confines of the

Sexual Harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual Harassment - Essay Example These activities can interfere with a workers production or performance of their duties as they may avoid an area that they have duties in if it is an area where they are being harassed. Under the law, co-workers and supervisors are treated differently and have different liabilities. Federal law also holds the employer responsible for the actions of the supervisor in regards to sexual harassment (Pastor, 2007, p.292). However, in regards to coworkers, the employer is only held responsible if they are negligent, such as knowing about the harassment and failing to stop it (Pastor, 2007, p.292). The federal law that protects workers from sexual harassment is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (Sexual harassment, 2008). In addition, states may have additional laws that can apply. They are usually modeled after the federal law but often vary in the amount and types of damages that can be awarded in a civil suit (Do states have their own laws, 2009). There are several avenues that a person can pursue if they are being sexually harassed. A worker who is the victim of sexual harassment is encouraged to first report it to their employer or human resources department, and "use any employer complaint mechanism or grievance system available" (Sexual harassment, 2008). The worker may additionally contact their union or file a suit in state or federal court. However, they must " the first file a formal sexual harassment complaint with the federal EEOC and/or your state’s fair employment agency" (Know your rights, 2009).

Microeconomics Project Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics Project Essay An overview Facebook was realized on February 4, 2004 by an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur- Mark Elliot Zuckerberg. Facebook has said it will be valued at up to $96bn ( £59bn) when it sells shares to investors this month in a record-breaking flotation. The first investment from Peter Thiel was $500,000 into Facebook. Facebook has minted four billionaires: Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin and Sean Parker. The 27-year-old Zuckerbergs net worth was estimated at $17.5bn on the 2011 Forbes list of the wealthiest Americans. Moskovitz had a net worth of $3.5bn but pipped Zuckerberg for the title of worlds youngest billionaire, being eight days younger. The Brazilian-born Saverin, who left Facebook early on after a falling-out with Zuckerberg, had a net worth of $2bn. Parker, the Napster co-founder who briefly served as Facebooks president, had a net worth of $2.1bn On November 15, 2010, Facebook announced it had acquired the domain name fb.com from the American Farm Bureau Federation for an undisclosed amount. On January 11, 2011, the Farm Bureau disclosed $8.5 million in domain sales income, making the acquisition of FB.com one of the ten highest domain sales in history Nowadays, 1 in every 13 people on earth uses Facebook, more than 900m active users, with over 250 million of them who log in every day. The average user has about 130 friends, but that has expanded in. The core 18-24 year old segment is now growing the fastest at 74% year on year. Almost 72% of all US internet users are on now Facebook, while 70% of the entire user base is located outside of the US. (Source: Facebook) At the beginning, Facebook has 1 million users. In 2008, it increased to 100 million. In 2010 the number of users reached 400 million and up to 500 million within 5 months. Google- a web search engine, it is the companys most popular service. It began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California. Technology is enhancing us as human beings and the integrating of artificial intelligence is slowly being weaved and embedded into our activities and habits almost without us noticing. This reliance that is permeating our day to day existence even extends to a reported 60% plus of all buying decisions now starting with a Google search as we start our research online rather than walk the shop aisles and asking sales attendants questions. The first funding of $100,000 for Google was provided by Andy Bechtolsheim the co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Googles initial public offering (IPO) took place five years later on August 19, 2004. The stocks performance after the IPO went well, with shares hitting $700 for the first time on October 31, 2007. primarily because of strong sales and earnings in the online advertising market. In 2004: Gmail launched, Google IPO 8 billion pages indexed. They acquired YouTube in 2006 for $1.65 billion. Android was announced in 2007 and Google Chrome was launched in 2008. The 3 charts show the Revenue, Income and number of Employee in two companies. RIVAL PRODUCTION The big question is given, why a search engine like Google to be afraid of Facebook, a social network when the field of activities of these two different companies as far as they seem completely can live peacefully. Google is famous for its searching services, the key point lead to the huge success of Google. It links to billions of Web pages, so users can easily obtain the information they want through the keywords and the operators. Google also uses its search technology for many other search services, including Image Search (photos), Google News, interactive community Google Groups, Google Maps. They also launched variety kinds of services such as Gmail, Google Earth, Google Docs, Picasa, Google Desktop, Google talk, Google Chrome, Google Translate and Android. Facebook is a social networking website for free access with more than 600 million members worldwide with hundreds of millions of activities that occur every day. The amount of data produced in a day of Facebook occupies a huge part of Internet data. Users can communicate with others, make friends, send messages and update their personal profile. Facebook has several features that users can interact such as Wall, Pokes, Photos, Status, Tag (feature of imaging applications), Facebook Notes, Facebook Username, Facebook Messages, Voice Calls, Video Calling, Facebook Subscribe. Looking closely, using the Internet for social purpose has been increasing over the years. More and more people spend longer hours of socializing than browsing so the use of the internet had tilted more on the social side. Facebook has a strong impact to our society. The social circle will suggest what to read, what to check out, where to go to and what to see. These matters may seem not important, but for the business this is such a big deal. As a result, a vast number of companies had recently shifted their focus on socializing, this led to the competition Google versus F acebook. Google is stepping into the Facebook market. Google also has promoted the search function in social network (Social Search) combined between Facebook and search engine Bing with support in 19 languages. Google Social Search helps users to find the appropriate content from the online link on their social network such as websites, blogs, articles and other content created or shared by their friends. Moreover, through many failures of Orkut (social networking and discussion), Google Buzz and Google Wave, in 2010 Google also revealed their plan about new social networking called Google Me to compete Facebook. Google Me combines best features of these social networks having failed before such as allow users check how many visitors clicked, watched, or your missed updates, provide variety kinds of games and application, control the amount of friends who have connected with your friends, stop spreading wide for what was posted. Example, both Orkut and Facebook allow users to delete the share, but this feature of Orkut is much better. This means that if you share a picture for yourself, then you want to delete them, you are allowed to erase that image on your home page, and on top of all other friends.Facebook does not do this,so Google Me is expected as a more attractive version of social networking. In 2011, Google has officially announced the Google+project, a social networking service has the functionality looks very similar to Facebook such as update status, share links and upload photos. Google+allow users to communicate separately for each group. Instead of posting a content update for everyone, Google+ allows users to display that content to the particular group (called a circle), such as classmates, colleagues, family members. Recently, Facebook is actively improving its own search engine. Old founder of the Google Wave, Lars Rasmussen, has joined Facebook, is developing a version of the search engines social networking to develop a new version called â€Å"search engines social networking†. This system will be expected to compete with the search engine of Giant Google in the future. The main purpose of the project is to develop a better search engine that can help brows through the huge amount of content created by users on social networks, as the status updates, articles, video clips and other information. Facebook expects a new email service will help them overtake Google and dominate the social networking world. In 2010, Facebook unveiled the project Titan to compete with Gmail from text messages (SMS), instant messaging (IM), email to Facebook messages. The system will combine messaging via mobile phones, email and chat messages to send to the recipients and they can reply to messages in any way. Facebook uses this project likea special strategy for competition generally on the Internet and particularly on social network. This time, there is notjust the war on email. Facebook seems want to dominate in every field. Facebook is a best place to share photos, surpassing all other services from Flickr, Picasa to Twitter even though its image quality is not high. Facebook members posted 250 million photos per day and this is the function most users use in the social network. Therefore, the Facebook pay billions for the application only works on iPhone and Android also is understandable. Moreover, they also developed a tool Facebook camera similar to Instagram. BUSINESS MODEL To understand why Google and Facebook abominate each other, it is necessary to study their business model. Facebook is now one of the largest social networks while Google is believed as the most powerful searching engine. Each tech titans have been reaping significant success in their domain. However, they both seem have the same main source of revenue is advertising. â€Å"Facebook has 901 million monthly active users (MAUs) as of March 31, 2012, an increase of 33% as compared to 680 million MAUs as of March 31, 2011. And 488 million MAUs used Facebook mobile products in March 2012†-Facebook Amended S1. With great numbers of users, people are deeply impressed by Facebook’s growth. Nevertheless, Google has crossed the 1 billion user mark, while Facebook is not far behind at 900 million however, users spend a far greater amount of time on Facebook per day, approximately 7 times higher. Top 10 Web Brand for August 2011 (U.S., Total) Rank| Brand| Total Internet Audience(thousand)| Time per Person (hh:mm:ss)| 1| Google | 176,235| 1:47:42| 2| Facebook| 163,163| 7:45:49*| 3| Yahoo| 149,072| 2:12:08| 4| MSN/WindowsLive/Bing| 134,410| 1:43:45| Read as: During August 2011, 176.2 million unique U.S. people visited Google’s websites(Source: Nielsen) In the term of valuation, after the most crucial event of Facebook’s timeline- IPO, going public, Facebook is known being in the position of Google’s 2003. The table below indicates the comparison between Google (GOOG) and Facebook (FB) in different categories such as revenue, revenue growth, operating income and gross margin as they are in the public day. That means for Google, its first quarter is when they were in Q3, while Facebook’s would be Q1 2010 As the table shows, the growth of both companies over the time is almost equivalent as Google 19% and Facebook 16%. If taking into the specific, Google growth rate is arguably more stable than its counterpart social network. The primary reason causing such deviation is that Google was well-established. The following chart will present that point more clearly Source: GOOG data YCHARTS In comparison, Facebook had a dramatic variable number and especially it was negative in the last quarter, Q9 with -6%.Probably, the company has not decided which its business model is yet (Husky Financial, Facebook vs Google: what you need to know post-IPO). Besides, the other factor affects a volatile Facebook’s development is the dependence in Zynga. There is 15% of Facebook revenue from Zynga (Forbes, By the numbers: Facebook investor checklist). According to the S1, â€Å"If Zynga does not maintain its level of engagement with our users or if we are unable to successfully maintain our relationship with Zynga, our financial results could be harmed†. The crucial income of two companies is generated from advertising. Google have recently proved their Google Adwords comes off well. Thousands of business could buy ads on Google and leads or sales with a proven positive ROI, return on investment. Advertising on Facebook shows much less convincing at this position. The stop in using Facebook’s ads is the forceful example. General Motors Co said on Tuesday (June 22) it will stop advertising on Facebook, even as the social networking website prepares to go public, with a source familiar with the matter saying the automaker had decided Facebooks ads had little impact on consumers (Reuters). When going to public in 2004, raising just under $2 billion with an initial market cap of le than $25 billion, less than a decade, Google is worth close to 10 times. The IPO gave needed capital to expand their business. This scenario maybe not actually happen to Facebook, according to the previously mention. CONCLUSION A famous Chinese quote â€Å"One mountain cannot have two tigers†. Thus, a social media site or a search engine site will gain a victory? It has not exactly answered yet. However, according to several surveys and analysis in previous parts, Google has more strengthened than Facebook for some reasons: 1. We have many reasons to access Google but only a few reasons to login in Facebook. Most of us go Facebook for chatting , sharing your thoughts , seeing new update , seeing who liked our status, and sharing from our friend or using some applications and playing games . We are busy at looking the updates rather than ads on Facebook. Nobody logins in Facebook to check or to search when they can buy a cheap T shirt or which books are famous, so on. On the other hand, Google is more useful than Facebook. We can search to know any information that we need such as which college is the best or which food is good for health. When we all open up Google for the above mentioned purposes we click on various ads and indirectly generate revenue for Google. The more we search information the more revenue we will generate for Google. 2. People use Facebook less than they used to be A recent survey showed that 34% of users spend less time for Facebook over half a year ago. They assumed that Facebook is boring, not useful, not related and not safe to keep personal information. 20% users spend more time for Facebook, 1/3 users now do not login in Facebook, and nearly 50% of users login in Facebook that stay the same. In addition, a survey from 31/5 to 4/6 /2012 with 1.036 people in America by Reuters and market research company Ipsos presented that most of 80% users never buy product or service on Facebook. As a result, many advertising companies are disappointed and do not want to advertise on facebook anymore. For example: Early 2011, Facebook earned $3.7 billion through advertising. In 2012, this revenue is slowing. In fact, General Motors has recently regained about 10 million investments for advertising on Facebook because it was not effective. 3. Facebook will be forgotten Eric Jackson, founder of Ironfire Capital, said that in 5 to 8 years, Facebook would disappear the same way Yahoo now. Although Yahoo is still making money, still profitable, still has 13 thousand employees, but Yahoo is just 10% in value compared with their peak in 2000. Basically, Yahoo! has been considered as disappeared. Whether Google or Facebook win, users also have benefit. Both companies are fighting to capture the heart of users worldwide. The competition gets its benefit because it can prevent monopoly situation. As long as the two companies keep on fighting, users will continue to gain benefits because the two companies will continue to improve, change, and figure out new features to attract users. For example: Currently, Google has extra the Google Plus to attract users and many other existent features such as YouTube, Feedburner, Chat, Analytics, and Docs. Facebook has the latest new Facebook Timeline feature. The competition between Google and Facebook is just at the beginning stage. We will be seeing more actions and tricks from both sides in future. As the main goal is to gather as many users as possible, both parties will take any necessary steps to capture users’ attention. In the future, users can get more benefit such as gifts, discounts, coupons, competition prize, lucky draws and many other events by just participating. Works Cited August 2011 Top US Web Brands. August 2011, Top US Web Brands. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2012. http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/august-2011-top-us-web-brands. Facebook. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 June 2012. Web. 20 June 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook. Google Se Tao Ra Mang Xa Hoi Tot Hon Facebook. Http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/tin-tuc/tin-quoc-te/2010/08/1220500/google-se-tao-ra-mang-xa-hoi-tot-hon-facebook/. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2012. http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/tin-tuc/tin-quoc-te/2010/08/1220500/google-se-tao-ra-mang-xa-hoi-tot-hon-facebook/. Google vs. Facebook. Netchunks. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2012. http://www.netchunks.com/google-vs-facebook/. PGDE Scrapbook. Enter Website Address or Keywords to Cite. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2012. http://pgde.tumblr.com/post/3289734065/enter-website-address-or-keywords-to-cite. Và ¬ Sao Google Lai Ghet Va so Facebook. TGDT. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2012. http://genk.vn/c188n2011090408403182/vi-sao-google-lai-ghet-va-so-facebook.chn. â€Å" 1/3 ngÆ °Ã¡ » i dung Ä‘Ã £ â€Å"ngá º ¥y â€Å" Facebook†.vietnamnet.9 June 2012. Web . 14 June 2012. â€Å"Google vs. Facebook†. netchunks.18 May 2012. Web. 14 June 2012 . â€Å"The Competition Between Facebook and Google Which Might Benefits Users†. toasteggme.24 September 2011. Web. 14 June 2012. â€Å"Why Facebook still not equipped enough to compete with Google†.aryaninfo.n.d.Web. 14 June 2012. Husky Financial. Facebook Vs. Google: What You Need To Know Post-IPO Seeking Alpha. Facebook Vs. Google: What You Need To Know Post-IPO Seeking Alpha. Seeking Alpha, 17 May 2012. Web. 4 June 2012. http://seekingalpha.com/article/598731-facebook-vs-google-what-you-need-to-know-post-ipo. Klayman, Ben, and Alexei Oreskovic. GM to Drop Facebook Ads Due to Low Consumer Impact. Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 15 May 2012. Web. 4 June 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/15/net-us-gm-facebook-idUSBRE84E1D420120515. Nielsenwire. August 2011- Top US Web Brands. August 2011 Top US Web Brands. N.p., 30 Sept. 2011. Web. 20 June 2012. http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/august-2011-top-us-web-brands. YChart. Google Price: 581.53. Google Price (GOOG). N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2012. http://ycharts.com/companies/GOOG/price. YCharts. By The Numbers:Facebook Investor Checklist. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 18

Performance And Reward Management Commerce Essay

Performance And Reward Management Commerce Essay Performance management means measuring criteria for organizational progress helping to accomplish their set target and goals by taking suitable actions for the improvement of the company. Performance management system aims to achieve the following target: Enabling each employee to know what is actually been needed and what should be his role in achieving those targets. It helps to maintain an honest relationship between the employees. Enabling each individual employee to feel motivate at work and make him know about his valued contribution in the project. Enabling organization to reward the employees for his exceptional contribution to the company. Performance management system is being designed to successfully achieve the set objective as well as it also focus on helping the employees to understand what is being needed from them and how they could deliver it to the company. Three components of performance management system Initially setting up the required aim which is needed to be target and making the employees to clearly know what should be their contribution towards achieving the required target. Distinguishing between the areas where the performance is strong and the area where there is a need for improvement therefore suggesting ways to improve the service delivery action. Rewarding the employee with the best performance outcome. Relation between motivation and performance management Motivation refers to strengthening of internal activities which drives or boost the performance of man. There is a direct relationship between performances to motivation; if an employee is highly motivated then he/she is expected to perform better at job. Theories suggesting the following implementations are: Reinforcement theory of motivation this theory describes the effect of present behavior onto its future consequences, focusing on changing the employee behavior according to the surrounding situation through four types of operational conditioning: Positive reinforcement Motivating employees by the means by increasing wages, giving him bonus or either promoting him, all this reinforcement is being provided as a reward to the employee to repeat the desired behavior adapted by the employee at the workforce. Negative reinforcement Strengthening the employee behavior and raise it up the baseline attempt like avoidance or ignorance if the employee is not been working as he/she should be working. Extinction It is like not providing the employee neither with the positive reinforcement and nor with the negative reinforcement, if an employee is working then also he is not getting a thanks or a reward for his work. Punishment It is for decreasing the continuity of behavior which the employee is being following at the workplace. The reinforcement theory on the management side: Managers should be informing the employee about the things which they are doing wrong and shouldnt be repeated while directing them to the way which could help them to receive positive reinforcement. Managers should also understand it is important to reward employees for their performance because if the deserving candidate is not getting the reward then he/she may not be performing to the level previously used to. Equity theory of motivation supposing two employees worked equally at office but an employee A gets 20% percent increment while employee B gets 10 percent increment. Employee B is pleased with his performance because where other employees are getting only 6 % increment he got 10% but while comparing to A he will be rather disappointed therefore people compare their reward to the ratio of the reward what the other person is getting to the input applied. Therefore in such a case managers must be very careful while they are rewarding and provide each employee with a specified target to motivate them and even this removes the indifference attitude within the employees about others. (analytictech website) Four factors that need to be considered when managing performance It is very crucial to review employees performance level which includes their behavior they should be exhibiting in the company.Factors that are needed to take in consideration when managing performance are: Planning It means setting up the performance goal and expectation which is required to be followed by the employees in line to achieve the set target, involving employees in the planning action to make them understand what the organization is targeting and what should be their contribution in the achieving the target. Monitoring Projects and assignment are monitored continuously for consistently measuring the performance and then giving them with feedback about their actions which is needed by them to follow for achieving the target, this regularly checking method helps to meet the determined standard as pert the organization requirement. Developing Developing in the terms means increasing the performance capacity through giving them assignment, regular training session which helps the employees to introduce new skills and perform well. Rewarding Rewarding employees for their talent and contribution to the company procedure result in better effect on to the company performance. (US office for personnel management ) The relationship between performance management and reward Two purposes of reward within a performance management system In any organization the main purpose behind rewarding employees is to motivate them, retaining them to the company and reducing the turnover costing. Employees are the most important valuable possession of the company and it is very important to continuously encourage them for their contribution to the organization. These reward systems are mainly been introduced into the companys environment to give a recognition and encouragement to the committed employee of the company for his extraordinary performance in the company by this Staffs understand what they are expected to do. Contribute to effective performance and reward management in the workplace Components of a total reward system Rewarding system is being used as a tool by company owners to attract the talent they have been looking for their company and to retain the talent with company and from seeing the employees perspective rewards are the payback for their commitment and loyalty towards the company. Components of rewarding system are: Individual growth It includes with investing in people, learning opportunities through training programs and career opportunities through new job openings, promoting or handling oversees assignment project. Compelling future It is very critical component of the rewarding system including companys growth and success, its reputation and image in the market and in front of the employees, stakeholders, companys vision and values. Positive workplace This category includes leadership, commitment and thrust towards the company, working attitude towards his colleges and outside people, his communication inside the company and involvement of the employee. Total pay This category includes the performance criteria, recognizing the employee talent and giving him base pay, variable pay according to his work, providing the employee with additional benefits and pay for his performance in the company. This recognition gives a special entity of the employee in front of his colleges for his actions and performance in the task given to him. (schuster zingheim , 2012) Sources of data (1 of which should be external to the organisation) required by individuals involved in performance and reward management processes. Gathering performance information through quantity or sources helps to ensures that the objective is in line with the ongoing employees behavior and company is performing well. Types of information included are employees call record, sales report or the project deadline report while important information sources include getting feedback through others, personally observing the employee, and reviews on the employees. Getting data from feedback process involves with asking all the subordinate employees, manager about the employee any specified skill and while comparing that data to the final report submitted and based upon that judging the performance and rewarding process. Other data sources which are helpful in determining the performance chart are: past performance report, what are the current objectives of the organization and a standard documentation relating to the career goal. To be able to conduct and reflect upon a performance review and How to support good practice in performance and reward management Frequency, purpose and process of performance reviews Considering performance management review system for an oil spill company, there is an annual cycle system which combines together with the budgeting process and business planning process. It is a three stage process beginning annually in the month of January and ending in the same over a year cycle. Stage one: It is the initial phase starting in the month if January consisting of planning of work agreement, setting up occupational standard, meeting to the required competencies and assigning of the personal development planning in line with the organizational aim. Stage two: This second phase is being carried out throughout the financial year going in a form of regular ongoing process aiming at keeping the information and work agreement data up to date according to the changing environment in which the company is being operating. Regular meetings are put up to discuss on the progress setup of the company. Stage three: At the year ending each individual performance is being reviewed, judging their performance level and comparing the performance to the required level of performance needed for the task to get complete. Once the year get started it is mandatory to run all the three stages serially. Appropriate interviewing skills in order to gauge performance An interview describes the employees intake to the company which can also be taken as a place to measure the performance level of the employee whom the company is planning to take in. Here are some of the questions which demonstrate the performance level of the employee: what skills and special characteristics are up planning to bring in with the job Describe what are your duties and responsibility while performing a task at workforce. from previous event describe your creative work describe situation which describes you can work in a team describe what would be your action in time going through intense pressure and stress Are you prepared to make personal sacrifice for the sake of work related purpose. Effective use of feedback Timely and effective feedback managing system is essential and an important aspect for guarantying successful performance management, giving employees with proper feedback helps to improve their performance level and to timely correct themselves whenever they are falling apart from the required target, feedback helps to motivate them in the right sense to follow the proper path. SMART objectives for developmental purposes Following specific objectives are set to determine development Specifically or exactly illustrating what specific action needed to be followed. Measuring the performance to evaluate are the activities going in line with the determined objective. The set objective must be achievable with the required resources. Relating whether the set objective target is required to get the desired goal. Setting the time limit in which the given objective must be accomplished. Notes on the covered point Talking of my job in my day to day activity I am not dealing with performance management review but I found the task to be very challenging and a good performance review can change the company working and uplift its standard but there is only one requirement employee has to put his full effort. To conduct performance review I have done many researches regarding the subject and regarding this I have learned in the process that for a good performance review it is very important to know the person efforts which he is putting for the development of the company and being supportive, honest and reward person for his achievement helps to bring out what is best from him and if after that also person is not putting his effort than if providing positive feedback to them gives a motivational sound to them and even they can perform well, from the above experience I can comment performance management is not only for the past but it is for the future wellbeing of the company.

William Gladstone: A Vast Sphere of Lasting Influence Essay example --

Every country has a leader who helps make significant changes toward the betterment of the country and the world. William Gladstone was that leader in Great Britain. Born in 1809, he entered the politics at the age of 22 in 1833. A strong Tory, who felt that any electoral reform would lead to revolution, he eventually became one of the founding members of the Liberal Party in 1859. He would later say that â€Å"I was brought up to distrust and to dislike liberty, and I learned to believe in it. That is the key to all my change† (Wilson 102). As Prime Minister and opposition leader for many years, he championed many reforms and his ministry was â€Å"one of the foremost reforming administrations of the century† (Tompson 287). His ability â€Å"to manage big crowds and to use the power of the crowd as an extra-parliamentary weapon† allowed him to push tough legislation through Parliament and â€Å"his sheer bigness, and grandeur, and moral weightiness was never to be repeated on the political scene† (Wilson 118, 103). William Gladstone was a British statesman who had more influence than Queen Victoria because of Gladstone’s many reforms. Many people believe that Queen Victoria was the most important person because she was the longest reigning monarch. Since monarchs reign for life, just because she lived the longest doesn’t mean that she was the best. The Queen wasn’t popular until later in life. People hated her for her refusal to come out of mourning after the death of her husband and her unenlightened political views. The royal pair had an active role together until 1861 when she went into prolonged mourning and never made public appearances. She emerged in the 1870s to a much-diminished role in the government which was mostly ceremonial. Her power... ...y 2012. . Findling, John E., ed. Events That Changed Great Britain Since 1689. Ed. Frank W. Thackeray. Westport: Greenwood, 2002. 75-80. Print. Kagan, Donald, Steven E. Ozment, and Frank M. Turner. "Great Britain Toward Democracy." The Western Heritage: Since 1300. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. 684-87. Print. Olechnowicz, Andrzej. The Monarchy and the British Nation, 1780 to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print. Tompson, Richard S. Great Britain: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. New York: Facts On File, 2003. Print. "William Ewart Gladstone." Spartacus Educational. Web. 14 May 2012. . Wilson, A. N. "William Ewart Gladstone." Eminent Victorians. London: W.W. Norton &, 1989. 99-132. Print.

Jubilee Year :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book of Leviticus is filled with different rules and teachings. They were written down by priests. They were known as the Holiness Code. One of the most prominent teachings in this section of Leviticus was about the jubilee year. Every fifty years, debts should be forgiven, and people who have lost their property have an opportunity to get it back. I wish we had a jubilee year in our time because it would allow people who have been struggling with their life to regain their footing and start over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In modern times, most people are very greedy and materialistic. Perhaps that is one reason why, in ancient times, debts were forgiven every fifty years. People who had borrowed money from others but were too poor to pay them back normally lived a harder life. If debts were forgiven every fifty years, if they were still alive, it would give them a chance to try and live a normal life again. Nowadays, people would not stand for such a principle. Richer people would not agree to it because they would be losing money they had lent to other people. People who had borrowed money, however, would like it because they would not have to work to pay them back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people lose land, it is normally because they owe money, and whoever they owe money to is taking the land as a payment. Again, if people had a chance to regain their land after having it seized, their life would return back to normal and they could try and restart their lives also. As with the forgiving of debts, I do not think this would be followed in modern day and age. Land is very expensive nowadays, so having to give back a piece of land would make many people angry.

Essay on Informal and Formal Griencance Essay

This essay will explore the difference between formal and informal Grievance process, how it can be prevented and a sample of the authors own work of grievance investigation and conclusion As a shift Manager and part of my responsibilities to ensure that we have a harmonious working relationship between staff and management. For the purpose of this essay, I will cover the Grievance process, how it can be prevented and a sample of grievance proceedings that I handled. A grievance is generally any complaint that has been presented by an employee to a management representative about an aspect of the employee work, working conditions or relationships. They are usually set out to the employer, either verbally or in writing. However, it is important to note that grievance can be presented in many forms and it should always be dealt with to minimise the risk of employment tribunal claims and awards. As part of our company policy and in our contract of employment, the company has adopted a ‘Positive Work Environment, which states that the company is committed to create a harmonious working environment, which is free from harassment and bullying and in which every employee is treated with respect and dignity.’ We have three forms of communicating to all our employees the company’s stance on grievance related issues, which covers staff understanding of what is grievance, the consequences if a grievance case against fellow employee is proven and the reporting procedures. Firstly, we will discuss grievance to all employees through the employee induction process, in their written contract of employment, which is normally issued to the employee after successful three months probation. And finally through the company hand book, which every employee is issued a copy, signed for and advised to read and follow the company’s policies therein. In addition and under the employment act 2002 (Dispute resolution) Regulation 2004, it is the duty of the employer to detect whether a complaint from an employee amount to an informal grievance, and if it is, such complaint should be dealt with through the organisation or that company’s grievance process. The following are common issues that can easily lead to grievance: †¢ Bullying and Harassment  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Discrimination †¢ Poor Management Practice †¢ Inadequate training †¢ Poor communication †¢ Unfair treatment †¢ Unclear job roles †¢ Failure in providing equal opportunities †¢ Personalities, Values, Workload and Expectations †¢ Changes to accepted customs and practices Once the Management understands that the above possible causes can lead to employee grievance complaints, the initial method to prevent it from happening is to adopt it into the company continuous improvement programme, which must form part of the management daily working activities, since issues of grievance can come from all sectors of employees working activities. The secondary prevention measures are how noticeable grievance cases are dealt with appropriately and quickly. As a rule of thumb, the initial approach to deal with grievance is to try and resolve it informally if possible. As it is always the case, leaving or ignoring grievance to develop can often lead to an escalation of the problem, which can lead to Managers having to spend time on endless investigation, lose of good employee and expensive Employment Tribunal proceedings. There are also multiple symptoms that an employee with perceived grievance can exhibit, which in many cases can affect the productivity of the company. For example, an employee may take more time off or sick off from work, or not performed his or her work duties to the optimum, which in many cases is a result of stress or anxiety from work. An experienced Manager or Supervisor should be able to detect some of these signs, talk to the employee concerned and informally resolved the issue as soon as possible. In a situation whereby a Manager could not detect a grievance through the behaviour of one of his employees, but it is established that an employee complaint is a grievance, that Manager should tell that employee that his complaint is a grievance, and must also explained to him his right under the company’s grievance provision to raise or report that matter (instilling confidence). The employee should be assured that the matter will be investigated and dealt with and there will not be any retribution from the company for reporting that issue. As per the grievance procedure contained in the company handbook and under the employment act 2002 (Dispute resolution) Regulation 2004, the employee must put his case in writing, but if for some reason the employee is unable to do this, the Manager should make full notes of the grievance and ask him/her to sign it as being a true representation. Once the written notification or the signed grievance note is given to the employer, an immediate and formal investigation should ensued. The employer should invite the employee in writing to a meeting to discuss the issue. This is an investigatory meeting to review the complaint, and not to give value judgements or comments, and certainly not any form of decision. The investigative officer should have an open mind, as all the facts may not be available to him. He should not pre-empt the decisions that will later be made. The aim at this stage is to identify the grievance, and be clear about the matter so that the company can resolve the grievance.

Production and Operations Management

Production & Operations Management–Homework 1 for Section 4 Due Tuesday October 16, 2012 1. 1 Eastman publishing Company is considering publishing a paperback textbook on spreadsheet applications for business. The ? xed cost of manuscript preparation, textbook design, and production setup is estimated to be $80,000. Variable production and material costs are estimated to be $3 per book. Demand over the life of the book is estimated to be 4,000 copies. The publisher plans to sell the text to college and university bookstores for $20 each. a. What is the breakeven point? b. What pro? t or loss can be anticipated with a demand of 4,000 copies? . With a demand of 4,000 copies, what is the minimum price per copy that the publisher must charge to break even? 1. 2 Creative Sports Design (CSD) manufactures a standard-size racket and an oversize racket. The ? rm’s rackets are extremely light due to the use of a magnesium-graphite alloy. Each standard-size racket uses 0. 125 kilo grams of the alloy and each oversize racket uses 0. 4 kilograms; over the next two-week production period only 80 kilograms of the alloy are available. Each standard-size racket uses 10 minutes of manufacturing time and each oversize racket uses 12 minutes.Also, 40 hours of manufacturing time are available each week. The pro? t contributions are $10 for each standard-size racket and $15 for each oversize racket. How many rackets of each type should CSD manufacture over the next two weeks to maximize the total pro? t contribution? a. De? ne decision variables and formulate the problem. b. Solve the problem using the graphical method. 1. 3 Management of High Tech Services (HTS) would like to develop a model that will help allocate their technician’s time between service calls to regular contract customers and new customers. Read also Exam Operations ManagementA maximum of 80 hours of technician time is available over the two-week planning period. To satisfy cash ? ow requirements, at least $800 in revenue (per technician) must be generated during the two-week period. Technician time for regular customers generates $25 per hour. However, technician time for new customers only generates an average of $8 per hour. To ensure that new customer contracts are being maintained, the technician time spent on new customer contracts must be at least 60% of the time spent on regular customer contracts. Given these 1 revenue and policy requirements, HTS would like to determine how to allocate echnician time between regular customers and new customers so that the total number of customers contracted during the two-week period will be maximized. Technicians require an average of 50 minutes for each regular customer contract and 1 hour for each new customer contract. a. Develop a linear programming model for the problem . b. Find the optimal solution via Excel. 1. 4 Industrial Designs has been awarded a contract to design a label for a new wine produced by Lake View Winery. The company estimates that 150 hours will be required to complete the project. The ? m’s three graphics designers available for assignment to this project are Lisa, a senior designer and team leader; David, a senior designer; and Sarah, a junior designer. Because Lisa has worked on several projects for Lake View Winery, management speci? ed that Lisa must be assigned at least 40% of the total number of hours assigned to the two senior designers. To provide label-designing experience for Sarah, Sarah must be assigned at least 15% of the total project time. However, the number of hours assigned to Sarah must not exceed 25% of the total number of hours assigned to the two senior designers.Due to other project commitments, Lisa has a maximum of 50 hours available to work on this project. Hourly wage rates are $30 for Lisa, $2 5 for David, and $18 for Sarah. a. Formulate a linear program that can be used to determine the number of hours each graphic designer should be assigned to the project in order to minimize total cost. b. How many hours should each graphic designer be assigned to the project? What is the total cost? c. Suppose Lisa could be assigned more than 50 hours. What e? ect would this have on the optimal solution. Explain. d.If Sarah were not required to work a minimum number of hours on this project, would the optimal solution change? Explain. 1. 5 National Insurance Associated carries an investment portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other investment alternatives. Currently $200,000 of funds are available and must be considered for new investment opportunities. The four stock options National is considering and the relevant ? nancial data are as in Table 1. 2 Table 1: Problem 1. 5 A B C D Price per share $100 $50 $80 $40 Annual rate of return 0. 12 0. 08 0. 06 0. 10 Risk measure per dollar inves ted 0. 10 0. 07 0. 05 0. 8 National’s top management has stipulated the following investment guidelines: The annual rate of return for the portfolio must be at least 9% and no one stock can account for more than the 50% of the total dollar investment. a. Use linear programming to develop an investment portfolio that minimizes risk. b. If the ? rm ignores risk and uses a maximum return-on-investment strategy, what is the investment portfolio? 1. 6 Greenville Cabinet received a contract to produce speaker cabinets for a major speaker manufacturer. The contract calls for the production of 3,300 bookshelf speakers and 4,100 ? or speakers over the next two months, with the delivery schedule as given in Table 2. Table 2: Problem 1. 6 Model Month 1 Month 2 Bookshelf 2,100 1,200 Floor 1,500 2,600 Greenville estimates that the production time for each bookshelf model is 0. 7 hour and the production time for each ? oor model is 1 hour. The raw material costs are $10 for each bookshelf model and $12 for each ? oor model. Labor costs are $22 per hour. Greenville has up to 3,400 hours of production time available each month. If production for either cabinet exceeds demand in month 1, the cabinets can be stored at a cost of $5 per cabinet.Formulate the problem to determine the numbers of units 3 that should be manufactured each month to minimize total production and storage costs. 1. 7 EZ-Windows, Inc. manufacturers replacement windows for the home remodeling business. In January, the company produces 15,000 windows and ended the month with 9,000 windows in inventory. EZ-Windows’ management team would like to develop a production schedule for the next three moths. A smooth production schedule is obviously desirable because it maintains the current workforce and provides a similar month-to-month operation.However, given the sales forecasts, the production capacities, and the storage capabilities as shown in Table 3, the management team does not think a smooth p roduction schedule with the same production quantity each month possible. Table 3: Problem 1. 7 February March April Sales forecast 15,000 16,500 20,000 Production capacity 14,000 14,000 18,000 Storage capacity 6,000 6,000 6,000 The company’s cost accounting department estimates that increasing production by one window from one month to the next will increase total costs by $1. 00 for each unit increase in the production level.In addition, decreasing production by one unit from one month to the next will increase total costs by $0. 65 for each unit decrease in the production level. Ignoring production and inventory carrying costs, formulate a linear programming model that will minimize the cost of changing production levels while still satisfying the monthly sales forecasts. 1. 8 Two television stations compete with each other for viewing audience. Local programming options for the 5PM weekday time slot include a sitcom rerun, an early news program, and a home improvement sho w.Each station has the same programming options and must make its pre-season program selection before knowing what the other television station will do. The viewing audience gains in thousands of viewers for station A are shown Table 4. 4 Station A/Station B Sitcom Rerun News Program Home Improvement Table 4: Problem 1. 8 Sitcom Rerun News Program Home Improvement 10 -5 3 -8 7 6 -4 8 -7 Formulate a linear program to determine the optimal strategy for each station and then solve it. What is the value of the game? 1. 9 A local television station plans to drop three Friday evening programs at the end of the season.Steve Botuchis, the station manager, developed a list of four potential replacement programs. Estimates of the advertising revenue (in dollars) that can be expected for each of the new programs in the four vacated time slots are as in Table 5. Table 5: Problem 1. 9 5–6PM 6–7 PM Home Improvement 5000 3000 World News 7500 8000 Hollywood Brie? ngs 7000 8000 7â€⠀œ8 PM 6000 7000 3000 Mr. Botuchis asked you to ? nd the assignment of programs to time slots that will maximize total advertising revenue. 1. 10 Adirondack Paper Mills, Inc. operates paper plants in Augusta, Maine, and Tupper Lake, New York.Warehouse facilities are located in Albany, New York, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Distributors are located in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. The Augusta plant has a capacity of 300 units, and the Tupper Lake plant has a capacity of 100 units. Boston has a demand of 150 units, New York has a demand of 100 units, and Philadelphia has a demand of 150 units. The unit transportation costs (in dollars) for shipments from the two plants to the two warehouses are presented in Table 6 and those from the two warehouses to the three 5 istributors are presented in Table 7. Table 6: Problem 1. 10a Plant/Warehouse Albany Portsmouth Augusta 7 5 Tupper Lake 3 4 Table 7: Problem 1. 10b Warehouse/Distributor Boston New York Philadelphia Albany 8 5 7 Ports mouth 5 6 10 a. Draw the network representation of the Adirondack Paper Mills problem. b. Formulate the Adirondack Paper Mills problem as a linear programming problem. c. Solve the linear program to determine the minimum cost shipping schedule for the problem. 6

“A Few Notes for Orpheus”, by Don Bailey Essay

In the short story â€Å"A Few Notes for Orpheus† Don Bailey portrays the protagonist, Jake as an isolated, resentful, and hypocritical man. As the story begins, Jake is sitting alone in his room, living in self-isolation. He is always â€Å"telling [himself] that [he] likes [his] privacy, although sometimes he feels _too_ alone. The only contact Jake has with the outside world is through his telephone, and as he receives a phone call from his mother, a woman who he hasn’t spoken to in a long time, he wishes â€Å"[he] had disconnected† his phone, or â€Å"never had [it] installed†. Jake is almost glad to hear her voice, but assumes that something is wrong because she never called him. Jake is uninformed about what goes on within his family. His mother has â€Å"never once mentioned cigarettes that [he] could remember†, cigarettes that would later result in his father developing cancer. Jake also has never made the effort to re-establish a bond with those who he has lost contact with, such as his mother, father, wife, or daughter. Jake resents the fact that he is so isolated but doesn’t want to take the initiative to change his lifestyle. He resents how neglectful he has been of his daughter, Bernice, and resentful that he has never been able to live up to his father’s expectations as a child. When Jake brings Bernice along to finally meet her grandfather, she is effortlessly accepted by him. Jake has always tried so hard to be accepted by his father, but all of his attempts  had either gone unnoticed like how â€Å"the old man hadn’t been around when [he was awarded with a] certificate [in Red Cross life-saving]†, or when they had failed. He â€Å"[has] always resented that about [his father]; his attitude [towards his frailness]†. His father had been somewhat understanding, so he showed it through his polite smiles. The emptiness of those smiles had hurt Jake through the years, stripping him of an enjoyable childhood and eventually making him resent every aspect of it. Jake, who is oblivious to his hypocrisy, doesn’t initially realize the number of â€Å"statues† he has made. Throughout the story we are exposed to frequent statue-making and Jake’s dislike of statues because â€Å"Statues were the way other people made you stand still – like dying. People loved you, made you their hero, and killed you so they could build a monument to their feelings.† Jake has made statues of â€Å"the old lady†, the living soap opera; his wife, the reformer; â€Å"the kid†, the infiltrator; and â€Å"the old man†. The statue of his â€Å"old man† is significantly different to the shriveled old man he actually is. Jake has â€Å"always thought of [his father] as being bigger†. Jake also included his father’s infamous polite smile, one that had been used to hide the shame that he felt in regards to Jake. Bernice has never had a complete statue of Jake because Jake wouldn’t give her enough time to make one. She knew Jake as â€Å"the man that used to live with [her]†, not as her father. During their trip to the cottage, Jake allows himself to bond with Bernice. She â€Å"knew all the gestures that [led] to making [him] stand still for statue making – to become a hero†, even if it was only for one day. This is the first step to Bernice experiencing what it is like to have a father. Even though Jake wasn’t able to bond with his father, he didn’t have to put Bernice through the same pain or make the same mistakes. Don Bailey helps us perceive Jake as an isolated, resentful, and hypocritical man by exposing us to Jake’s opinions concerning statues, his family, and his childhood. Jake’s pain growing up ultimately contributed to the construction of his beliefs and would further teach him a lesson on how to avoid making the same mistakes that his father made, so his daughter would not have to experience the same pain while she grew up.

Occupational Health and Safety essays

Occupational Health and Safety essays 1. How different food should be stored at the correct temperate and in right conditions. Long life foods such as spaghetti, spices, dried beans, peas, dried fruits, coffee and tea should be should be stored in clean, dry, clearly labelled and airtight containers. Canned foods should be stored in a dry area so the cans dont rust. Bottled foods should be stored in a dark cupboard as light can affect the food. Perishable foods such as bread and cakes should be stored in clean containers in a cool dry place for about 1-2 weeks. Cereals and cookies keep for 3-4 weeks when stored in clean containers in a cool dry place. Potatoes and onions keep for 3-4 weeks in a cool, dark place. Highly perishable foods or short life foods These foods should be stored in the fridge between 2 degrees celsius and 5 degrees celsius. After the due date, the growth of bacteria and moulds may cause deterioration in the texture and flavour of the food and the production of toxins causing food poisoning. 2. What process occurs in the food if it is not store correctly? If the food smell and looks OK does it mean its OK to eat? When foods that are not stored properly the growth of bacteria and moulds can occur and it may cause deterioration in the food. Which means it could lead to food poisoning, when storing foods you should keep different types of foods separate because it could lead to cross contamination. In most cases if the food looks and smells OK means that it is OK to eat. 3. If you feel sick after eating something, what could it be and why? It could be that you are allergic to things you eat or food poisoning. Lots of people are allergic to milk, eggs, wheat, peanuts, fish or shellfish. If you're allergic to a certain food, it might make you feel sick after you've eaten it. You might get a headache, an itchy rash, a blocked nose, or even diarrhoea. ...

Business environment case study - Business Advice for Hugos Hats

Business environment case study - Business Advice for Hugos Hats Assumptions: Hugo's Hats produces fashion hats for both male and female customers, price per hat  £100. Trades as a Private Limited Company and started trading as an e-business in 1995.Market Structure is the degree of competition the business faces. There are four market structures as illustrated in figure 1.Figure 1Perfect competition is a theoretical model, it does not exist. It is assumed that there are many buyers and sellers, the goods being sold are homogeneous and there is perfect knowledge in the market.Monopolistic competition is when goods are slightly differentiated in some way, either by advertising or branding or by local production.Oligopoly is when a few suppliers dominate the market.Monopoly is when one supplier dominates 25% or more of output.The following are the main characteristics of Monopolistic competition in which Hugo's Hats are competing:There are quite a large number of firms, as a result, Hugo's hat has only a small share of the market and, therefore, i ts actions are unlikely to affect its rivals to any great extent.Perfectly elastic demandThere is freedom of entry of new firms into the industry. If any firm wants to set up a business of making hats, it is free to do so.Product Differentiation: Hugo's Hats are producing hats and providing customer service that is in some way different from its rivals. The demand curve is downward sloping, i.e. elastic, as customers are given more choice from different suppliers in the market.Profits are maximised: In the short run, Hugo's Hat are producing where marginal costs (change in total costs from one extra hat produced) equals marginal revenue (change in total revenue from selling one more hat).Total cost equals total of variable costs and fixed costs.Total revenue is quantity sold, Q multiplied by price, P.

Four Approaches to Community sociology essays

Four Approaches to Community sociology essays The four approaches to community sociology include: Typological, ecological, systems, and theory. They all have some influence on how we see the world today in a community based realm. The typological approach begins with the ideas of Tonnies. His foundation began with the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Tonnies explains that there has been a transition in the world from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft. The rise in industrialization and social change identifies this transition. Tonnies unlike his predecessors has actually done field research on the matter to prove his theory. Basically, individualistic and capitalistic attitudes developed. Some strengths of this idea include empirical research has proven that there are differences in areas of a city or country. People in different areas see things differently and depending on the length of residency in that area makes a difference in their outlook. Another strong point about Tonnies theory is that it has allowed for change to occur in the areas where it was possible for change to better the economy and living conditions. Some weaknesses of this theory are the fact that it isnt very broad in the sense t hat there are so many other possibilities to explain why areas and the economy have changed so much over the years. This approach seems to focus on the micro-level of sociology. Dewey explains that it is too narrow of a subject and it cant move any farther. He says that it is time to move on to the broader areas of what sociology really should focus on, the big picture. This theory separates and breaks down certain areas to examine the people and their way of life in that area. It doesnt show how it affects them in the broader scheme of things. the real query is, do we have a better initial answer than the folk-urban continuum to the general question of how to account for the similarities and differences observable among societies...

5 Peculiarities of the German Alphabet

5 Peculiarities of the German Alphabet The following are five peculiarities of the German alphabet and its pronunciation that every beginner German student should know about. Additional Letters in the German Alphabet There are more than twenty-six letters in the German alphabet. Technically speaking the German alphabet has only one additional letter that is different- the eszett. It looks like a capital letter B with a tail hanging from it: ß However, there is also something that Germans call â€Å"der Umlaut.† This is when two dots are placed above a letter. In German, this happens only above the vowels a, o and u. The umlaut placed upon these vowels makes the following sound shifts: similar to the short e in bed; à ¶, similar to the u sound in further, and à ¼. similar to the French u sound. Unfortunately,  there is no English equivalent for the sound à ¼. To pronounce the à ¼ sound, you need to say u while your lips are in a puckering position. The ß, on the other hand, is simply like an over-pronounced s. It is rightly called in German ein scharfes s (a sharp s). In fact, when people don’t have access to the German keyboard, they often will substitute a double s for the ß. However, in German, there are further rules about when it is correct to write either ss or ß. (See article German s, ss or ß) The only way to avoid the ß Â  is to move to Switzerland since Swiss Germans don’t use the ß at all. V Is W and Sounds Like F The standard name of the letter V, as it is in many languages, is actually the letter name of W in German. This means that if you were singing the alphabet in German, the section TUVW, would sound as follows (Tà ©/Fau/Và ©). Yes, this confuses a lot of beginners! But wait, there’s more: the letter V in German sounds like F! For instance, the word der Vogel you would pronounce as Fogel (with a hard g). As for the letter W in German? This peculiarity at least makes the most sense: the letter W in German, which is named like a V sounds like a V. The Spitting Combo Now for a little humor that actually helps you remember! The pronunciation spitting combo helps students remember the peculiarities of these three very common German sounds: ch – sch – sp. Say them quickly one after another and it sounds like, first - the preparation for the spit ch/ch, the start of the spit – sch (like sh in English), and finally the actual ejaculation of the spit – sp. Beginners tend at first to over vocalize the ch sound and forget the sh sound in sp. Better practice some pronunciation spitting then! The K Reigns Even though the letter C is in the German alphabet, by itself it plays only a minor role, since most German words that start with the letter C followed by a vowel, stem from foreign words. For example,  der Caddie, die Camouflage, das Cello. It is only in these types of words where you’ll find the soft c or hard c sound. Otherwise, the letter c is actually only popular in German consonant combinations, such as sch and ch, as stated in the preceding paragraph. You will find the German version of the hard â€Å"c† sound in the letter K. Consequently, you will often see words that start with a hard c sound in English spelled with a K in German: Kanada, der Kaffee, die Konstruktion, der Konjunktiv, die Kamera, das Kalzium. Position Is Everything At least when it comes to the letters B, D, and G. When you place these letters either at the end of a word or before a consonant, then the sound transformation is usually as follows: das Grab/ the grave (the b sounds like a soft p), die Hand/ hand (the d sounds like a soft t) beliebig/ any (the sounds like a soft k). Of course, this is expected in Hochdeutsch (standard German) only, it might be different when speaking German dialects or with accents of different German regions. Since these letter shifts sound very subtle when speaking, it is more important to pay attention to their correctness when writing them.

Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memorandum - Essay Example This memo focuses into the alarming conditions of present day’s political Middle East mainly centered on the development of cultural disparities and their implications in the international politics. The purpose framing this memorandum is to critically evaluate all the aspects that contributed to the origin, development and intensity of the religious rifts and the involvement of world economies in politicizing the issues for the promotion of the Arab region a profitable market for selling weapons and easy source for petroleum fuels. Cultural disparities and high intensive fanatic views of certain self-styled upper class population had formed their separatist views against the Muslims of the Persian region assumed to have inferior life style and the lenience toward the Zoroastrian mix of Judaist views of the Palestinian regions. The power demonstrations to occupy the positions in their own desired mainland in the oil-rich provinces of the desert terrains of Arabic dominance were becoming vigorous and violent year after year. The intensity of the regional wars contributed to the horror of the scene with several thousands of innocent Muslims from both Sunni and Shiite individuals losing their lives in the battle for outright supremacy of the religious upper hand over the Arabian region. A classified study about the Kurdish population and the influence of their culture in the Muslim nations of the Middle East has been a choice of many scholars. A rather old Kurdish culture evolved by the conversion of a tribal grou p called the Kurds to Islam by 7th century AD. The distribution of converted Kurds formed a proportion that most of them stayed Sunnis while a part of them remained Shiites. The studies done on Kurdish religion and the lifestyle of the people reveal that the Kurdish culture is a mix of almost all forms of religious practices predominant in the West Asian and European countries in the past. Then, with the

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Essay Example The overall purpose of the project is to provide the medical, psychological as well as emotional support to the teens and youngsters who may be using drugs. The overall rehabilitation as well as their revival is one of the key purposes of the organization however, the focus is also assisting these teens to develop leadership qualities. Team building as well as organizational skills is also taught to these teens in order to help them to live a life which is organized and based upon mutual help of each other. The organization therefore is a non-profit organization with focus upon ensuring that the teens and youth are provided a new opportunity to live a better and more constructive life at the individual as well as community level. Target Population Though apparently the overall target population of the teens facing drug related issues what is however important to note that parents and guardians of the teens are targeted too. Since rehabilitating the teens is a holistic approach theref ore healthcare service providers therefore not only target the patients themselves but the parents of these children also. This approach is taken in order to ensure that the parent play a better and more constructive role in the recovery and rehabilitation of their children. It is also important to understand that healthcare service provider professionals work on the basis of developing co-leaders and presenting leaders in every situation. This sort of approach therefore helps the organizations to actually better target their population and become more organized in ensuring their proper response to their target population. (Kerfoot, 2004) The Benefits of the Program Apparently, the overall benefit of the program is to produce healthy and constructive citizens who can be better individuals. However, on the whole, program intends to develop a community which is based upon mutual respect and help for each other. In order to accomplish this task, this program therefore is aimed at utili zing and developing the leadership skills of the healthcare service provides including nurses to manage different situations on their own. This therefore allows the healthcare service providers to become more independent in carrying out their responsibilities and become more accountable and responsible for what they treat and deal with at healthcare services providing facilities. The Cost & Budget Justifications The overall cost of rehabilitating the teens and the youth is more than $5 million dollars per annum. This cost includes both the cost of medicines and other support directly required by the individuals in the overall process of rehabilitating them. It also include the support cost such as admin and other running expenses required to accomplish the task of providing overall support to the patients. Such high cost has also been due to the fact that it is becoming difficult to actually hire and retain quality nurses. The overall focus therefore is to build effective teams and co-leaders who can shine in every situation. In order to accomplish this task, more is being spent on training and development of the nurses to improve their overall capability to handle difficult cases in limited time and budget. The Basis of Evaluation One of the basic