Why have armies so seldom intervened in the politics of European Essay

Why have armies so seldom intervened in the politics of European countries in recent years Why have they so often intervened in the politics of countries in sub-Saharan Africa - Essay Example challenges principles of sovereignty made 300 years back with the Treaty of Westphalia that set an example for modern Europe ending a century of destruction and war. Under this treaty, highest authority belonged to the ruler and no appeal for justice could be made after the ruler’s verdict. The religion or principles of the ruler had to be followed by the subjects, Pope in the case of medieval Europe. This rule proved its worth in putting an end to confessional wars and each state was given the right to all internal affairs without interference. The negative aspect of this treaty was the formations of dictator governments on the name of sovereignty where all power vested in the hands of government officials or in majority cases just one person. This category of dictatorship was practiced in 19th century by leaders such as Bismarck, Emmanuel Victor and Garibaldi and others (STEPAN, 2012). Among all regulations one right was given to the ruler to call for war. This sovereignty right was only given to powerful European nations and was never extended to areas and places outside Europe. This power of declaring war within nations lay under the hands of governments. None had the right to speak and interfere when a European leader declares war and conquers parts of African or Asian territories for the sake of civilization, humanitarian or modernism. In the 19th century the concept of nations states spread and with it the idea of national sovereignty extended to other territories (ALONSO, 2011). Back in the 20th century, the Nazi regime in Germany raised a number of challenges and questions to the belief of nation’s sovereignty. With the principle of non-interference nations allowed Nazis to practice their activities that became the cause of genocides and massive killings with destructions. It was only when the Nazis threatened Europe’s domination; forces within Europe stood up to defend the cause. The debates on recent intervention in Bosnia and Iraq raise the same

Operations Strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Operations Strategy - Coursework Example The paper begins with business description and SWOT analysis of each of these three fast-food chains. From the SWOT analysis and business background information the paper shall identify the key operations performance objectives for each company and relate them to their competitive factors. The paper shall then conclude by identifying which internal performance objectives that McDonald’s, Subway and KFC need to focus on in their operations strategy if they are to remain competitive in future. 2.0. Business description and SWOT Analysis 2.1. McDonald’s McDonald’s Corporation franchised and operated a total of 32,737 restaurants in 117 countries as at end of 2010. This essentially makes it the biggest fast-food retailer in the world. McDonald’s revenues come from sales by its own restaurants and fees – in form of royalties and rent – from its franchised restaurants. Fees levied to these franchises vary depending on a myriad of factors stipulated in the franchise agreement that typically runs for 20 years. McDonald’s realised sales slightly in excess of US$ 24 billion in 2010 which was a 6 per cent increase over the 2009 revenue figures (McDonald’s, 2011). The business is managed as distinct geographic segments, namely: the US, Latin America and Canada, Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa (APMEA), and Europe. The bulk of its revenues originates from Europe, US and APMEA in that descending order. Within Europe, more than half of the company’s revenue comes from three countries: France, Germany and the UK. The UK therefore is a major market for McDonalds. Also according to the 2010 Annual Report, restaurants in the U.K., France and Russia are entirely company-operated (McDonald’s, 2011, p.14). 2.1.1. SWOT Analysis Strengths McDonald’s is the global market leader in the retail fast-food industry. Its huge international presence enables it to benefit from economies of scale that bring dow n its costs which supports its low-cost pricing strategy. Additionally, this huge international presence, allows the company to spread risk thus so as to reduce negative effects that may emanate from poor economic performance of certain countries. The McDonald’s brand, which is among the world’s best known is another source of strength as the company benefits from all the advantages that accrue due to brand recognition and loyalty such as increased sales. An additional strength for McDonald’s comes from its large real estate portfolio. McDonald’s real estate operations bring in large revenues and allow it to open more stores. Moreover, the strategic location of McDonald’s outlets – in areas of high visibility, traffic volume and ease of access – further strengthen its brand recognition. The company has also continued to innovate in terms of its menu variety – for example introducing limited offers, introduction of healthy salad s and shakes – and restaurant re-imaging. McDonald’s â€Å"Plan to Win† strategy that focuses on people, products, place, price and promotion that has been in operation since 2003 is also another source of strength as it shows alignment with the company’s corporate strategy. Weaknesses According to Zagat’s 2011 fast food survey, despite being the global leader in market share, McDonald’s was ranked third in the overall ratings of retail mega chains. This implies that the company’s average for food quality, facilities and customer service is lower than expected from its strong brand. Threats Rivalry among competitors in retail fast food industry is intense and it is slowly gravitating towards price competition largely because products and services offered by McDonald’s and its rivals are almost identical and there are virtually nil

Recruiting Retention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Recruiting Retention - Research Paper Example At the moment, communications is often being required to work with human resources to refine and communicate persuasive employment methods and to attract new talent (Boudreau & Ramstad, 2007). A large number of organizations are also familiar with the need for a clearly articulated and cohesive employment brand to attract applicants. How Organizations Attract Talent As new generations of individuals enter the job market, organizations wonder how best they can attract this novel talent. Compensation alone will not position an organization to compete for new talent. There are a number of innovative ways an organization may use to attract a talented workforce. Organizations may develop a differentiated company brand. A differentiated brand is vital in capturing the interest of top talent. Significant communicators in an organization help to create the characteristics workers value and identify an employee brand that differentiates their organization from other organizations in the marke t (Daniel & Radenbaugh, 2001). Head of communications in some organizations utilize the corporate brand performance assessment to measure worker and future worker views of their brand and recognize prospects to differentiate from rivals. Additionally, by practically enhancing an organization’s distinctive opportunities, culture, and values, potential workers can gain an insight into what it will feel like to work for an organization, and establish if an organization is a right match for them. An organization may also attract talented applicants by articulating the distinctive employment brand. A large number of communicators work with their recruiting counterparts to concisely articulate the organization’s distinctive employment brand or employment value... As new generations of individuals enter the job market, organizations wonder how best they can attract this novel talent. Compensation alone will not position an organization to compete for new talent. There are a number of innovative ways an organization may use to attract a talented workforce. Organizations may develop a differentiated company brand. A differentiated brand is vital in capturing the interest of top talent. Significant communicators in an organization help to create the characteristics workers value and identify an employee brand that differentiates their organization from other organizations in the market (Daniel & Radenbaugh, 2001). Head of communications in some organizations utilize the corporate brand performance assessment to measure worker and future worker views of their brand and recognize prospects to differentiate from rivals. Additionally, by practically enhancing an organization’s distinctive opportunities, culture, and values, potential workers c an gain an insight into what it will feel like to work for an organization, and establish if an organization is a right match for them.An organization may also attract talented applicants by articulating the distinctive employment brand. A large number of communicators work with their recruiting counterparts to concisely articulate the organization’s distinctive employment brand or employment value proposition in the market. In numerous organizations, the articulation of the employment brand is often incomplete.

Evaluating Internet Sources Government Shutdown 2013 Research Paper

Evaluating Internet Sources Government Shutdown 2013 - Research Paper Example Policymic.com is an online publication whose purpose is to inform, sell, persuade and educate. The site is current as it is designed to avail news and analysis of society’s politics, entertainment, arts, and identities. The audience for this site is the general public and the information provided in the politics section is appropriate for college-level research by political science students giving its relevance. While the site provides sources for its presented information, it is evident that majority of their publications/articles are outsourced from the general public; and the selling aspect in arts and entertainment/personalities, the sight may not be necessarily authoritative. The addressing of the government shutdown 2013 in relation to the 1995 shutdown, downgrades the site’s estimation and analytical aspects thus jeopardizing its accuracy. The final evaluation of the site is that policymic.com is not a good source to use at college-level research. The Guardian is an online editorial website whose purpose is to inform, analyze and educate. As an editorial and politically independent website, the site is current and up to date on with information on business, technology, politics, environment, and lifestyles. The audience for this site is the general public and the information provided in their various topics is relevant and appropriate at college-level research. The authoritative aspect of the website can be traced back to the source of its articles and the manner in which they are detailed. This translates to accuracy and reliability making it a good source to use for college research. Cnn.com is an online editorial whose purpose is to inform, educate, entertain and persuade. The site is current and up to date on political issues, news, and social trends. The audience of the site is the general internet community providing its relevance and reliability for college-level research.